
In the pursuit of knowledge
Life & times of Imam Muslim (204-261H)
”Guidance is not attained except with knowledge and correct direction is not attained except with patience”- Shaykhul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah
It is a well known fact that there are two fundamental sources of Islamic teachings: The first being the uncreated words of Allah Subhanata’ala (SWT), The Holy Qur’an and the second being the sayings, deeds, traditions and narrations of the final Prophet of Allah SWT, Muhammad Ibn Abdullah (Peace be upon him).
In the hadith we find explanations and fine details which elaborate on what Allah SWT has mentioned in the Qur’an. When asked asked about the conduct of her husband (Prophet Muhammad [Peace be upon him]), The mother of the believers Aish’ah bint Abu Bakar answered ”His conduct is the Qur’an”.
It is in the ahadith that we find the technical aspects that are not mentioned in the Qur’an such as the fiqh of Salah, the rulings on Ramadhan and the rituals of Hajj & Umrah among many other aspects of this perfect way of life, Islam.
It was therefore incumbent upon our predecessors in having a very precise and definitive way of analyzing the traditions & chains of the Prophet (Peace be upon him). Alhamdulliah the science of ahadith is so precise, exact and infallible that zealous orientalists have given up in pursuit of finding its flaws.
In the history of Islam there have been a few prominent names of ahadith compilers such as Imam Bukhari (Sahih Al-Bukhari), Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (Al-Musnad), Imam Malik (Al-Muwatta), Abu Dawoud (Sunan) & the hero that we will discuss about Imam Muslim (May Allah SWT have mercy upon him).
His full name was Abu’l-Husayn Muslim bin Hajjaj al-Qushayri al-Naisaburi. His kunya (nickname) was Abu Al-Husayn and hislaqab was Al-Qushairi. He was born in Naisabur (Nishapur) which is a town in Iran in the year 204AH/819CE.
We don’t know much about the biography of his parents but we can assume that they were devout individuals who must have brought up Imam Muslim in a pious enviorment. As the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) goes,
“The example of a good and bad companion is that of a perfume seller and a blacksmith. The perfume seller either gives you the perfume or tries to sell it to you, or you will get a good smell from him; but in the blacksmith’s workshop you will either burn your clothes, or they’ll be blackened by soot.” (Sahih Muslim)
This meaning of this hadith illustrates that the enviorment around us will ultimately have an effect on upbringing and conduct. Ibn ‘Asakir’s voluminous Tarikh Madinat Al-Dimashq mentions that Imam Muslim’s father was himself a scholar. A virtuous role model and a healthy Islamic enviorment as such must have left a lasting impression in Imam Muslim’s early life & inspired him to pursue the quest of seeking beneficial knowledge.
We know that Imam Muslim was a wealthy businessman and traded at Khan Mahmash, in Naisabur, and his provisions were from his lands in Ustuwa.
He had a tremendous love for the ahadith of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). He would instill within his listeners the respect & etiquette’s for the sacred science of ahadith; He preferred not to get involved in argumentation, as the saying of the great salaf-as-salih (pious predecessors) was ‘If Allah desires the good of his servant, he opens the door of actions and closes the door of argumentation and if He SWT doesn’t want good for someone then he closes the door of actions and opens the of arguementation’. Imam Muslim used to speak very little & he never backbited about any Muslim. It is noted that scholars of his calibre could count every word they said per fortnight, But Subhan’Allah times are indeed different because we cant even remember never mind count what was said in the last half an hour of non-stop ranting.
He dedicated himself in collecting and verifying hadith and he wasn’t distracted by the worldly pursuits in his time. He was very careful and precise in who he would keep company with and learn his hadith, He wouldn’t narrate from one of his early teachers even though that particular teacher was trustworthy but he had some incorrect belief in his aqeedah.
It was common practise of the Muhadditheen to travel far and wide to…
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Acquire ahadith
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Verify ahadith
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To seek higher isnad (chain of narrations)
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To investigate the narrators
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To review ahadith with the scholars
Because of his love and passion for this, Imam Muslim travelled to Damascus, Khorasan, Ar-Rayy, Iraq, Hijaz (Makkah, Medinah etc) & Egypt. He attended the study circles of some of the most prominent scholars of his time such as the likes of Imam As-Sunnah Ahmad bin Hanbal, Qutaiba bin Sa’id, Abdullah bin Maslama, Ubaidullah al-Qawariri, Ishaq bin Rahuyah among others. On of his students Imam Adh-Dhahabi listed 220 scholars that Imam Muslim reported from his Sahih.
After his extensive travels, he settled in his hometown of Naisabur. It is there that he came in contact with Imam Bukhari. Imam Muslim described the reception of Imam Bukhari’s arrival in Naisabur greater than any given to any scholar or ruler. He stayed with Imam Bukhari until contention erupted between Imam Bukhari & his other teacher the great scholar Muhammad Yahya Ad-Dhuli over an issue of Aqeedah which Imam Bukhari was in the correct. Imam Muslim was loyal to Bukhari in his ordeal but towards the end of his life he distanced himself from the controversy and preferred a life of isolation.
Imam Muslim authored many books, most of which were on the science of hadith including Kita’b Al Musnad Al Kabir ‘Ala Al-Rijal, Jami’ Kabir, Kitab, Al-Asmma Wa’l-Kuna Kitab Al-Ilal, Kitab Al Afrad, Kitab Awlaadus-Sahaba. His most famous work however is the Al-Jami As-Sahih whis is known by its famous name Sahih Muslim. In this compilation Imam Muslim compiled 300,000 ahadith, verified them and retained 4,000 in the finalised As-Sahih. Imam An-Nawawi would later write his famous explanation of Sahih Muslim.
Known across the Muslim world for his strength in ahadith verification and exceptional knowledge of Islamic sciences, Imam Muslim attracted many students such as Abu Hatim Razi, Musa bin Harun, Ahmad bin Salama, Imam Abu Isa Tirmidhi, Abu Bakar ibn Khuzaima & Imam Adh-Dhahabi.
Imam Muslim is praised by many scholars during and after his times. Al-Hafidh Ibn Hajr Al-Asqalani said about him as being a ‘Trustworthy, preserver, scholar of jurisprudence’.
Ahmad bin Salamah said ‘I saw Imam Abu Zur’ah & Imam Abu Haatim, they would give Imam Muslim precedence over the scholars of their time to know the autheticity of Ahadith’.
Imam Ishaaq Kausaj said to Imam Muslim ‘Up until Allah keeps you alive for the Muslims we will not be deprived of good’.
A great contemporary scholar of our time Imam Anwar Al-Awlaki (May Allah SWT protect him) describes Imam Muslim as ‘..one of the greatest scholars of Islam..’. Imam Anwar highlights the differences in layout between Sahih Bukhari & Sahih Muslim. Imam Bukhari has classified titles of chapters with ahadith split into various chapters, Imam Muslim places the titles in margins and the ahadith as the main body of text. Imam Anwar has said that there is a difference of opinion among the scholars of Islam of which Sahih (Imam Bukhari’s or Imam Muslim’s) is more authentic, the majority classify Sahih Bukhari before Sahih Muslim which shows that there are some scholars of Islam who consider Sahih Muslim as the most authentic book after The Book of Allah SWT, The Holy Qur’an.
The way in which Imam Muslim died also exemplifies his thirst for knowledge, He was once in a gathering where a hadith was mentioned that he didn’t know about, He went home, turned off his room light and told his family to let him be because he was doing research in finding the hadith, They told him that they had a basket of dates for him. He took the dates and started eating them one at a time until he had emptied the basket, when this happened he found the hadith but then returned to His Al-Mighty Lord, Allah SWT. He died at the age of 57 in the path of knowledge in the year 261H/875CE and was buried in the suburbs of Nishapur, Iran .
Throughout history millions and millions of Muslims (Scholars, Imams, students of knowledge, military leaders, du’aat and normal individuals) have qouted Imam Muslim’s sahih whenever they give reminders, lectures, presentations, speeches, courses, khutbahs etc. Their referencing of his Sahih (among his other works) will be included among his scales of good deeds on the day of judgement Insh’Allah.
May Allah SWT have mercy on Imam Muslim and grant him the highest level of paradise (Al-Firdous). May Allah SWT bless us with in being the ideal role models so that the future generations can be the likes of our righteous ancestors.
Your brother in need of du’aa
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